Major Courses Needed for a Statistics Degree

So you want to study statistics in college. What courses will you need to take? Not only will you be taking classes that pertain directly to statistics, but you will also take classes that are similar, if not identical, to those taken by students majoring in mathematics. Below is an overview of courses that commonly make up the core of a Bachelor’s degree in statistics. Requirements for a degree vary from one  institution to another, so be sure to check with your own college or university catalog to be certain what you will need to take in order to graduate with a major in statistics. Calculus Courses Calculus is foundational for many other areas of mathematics. The typical calculus sequence involves at least three courses. There is some variation on how these courses segment the information. Calculus teaches problem-solving and develops numerical competency, both skills that are important for statistics. In addition to this, a knowledge of calculus is necessary to prove results in statistics. Calculus One:  In the first course of the calculus sequence you will learn to think carefully about functions, exploring topics such as limits and continuity. The main focus of the class will move to the derivative, which calculates the slope of the line tangent to a graph at a given point. Towards the end of the course, you will learn about the integral, which is a way to calculate the area of regions that have strange shapes.Calculus Two:  In the second course of the calculus sequence you will learn more about the process of integration. The integral of a function is typically harder to compute that its derivative, so you will learn about different strategies and techniques. The other major topic of the course is typically infinite sequences and series. Intuitively, this topic examines infinite lists of numbers, and what happens when we try to add these lists together.Calculus Three:  The underlying assumption of calculus one and two is that we deal with functions with only o ne variable. Real life is much more complicated with several variables in the most interesting applications. So we generalize the calculus that we know already, but now with more than one variable. This leads to results that can no longer be depicted on graph paper but need three (or more) dimensions to illustrate. Other Mathematics Courses In addition to the calculus sequence, there are other courses in mathematics that are important to statistics. They include the following courses: Linear Algebra:  Linear algebra deals with the solutions to equations that are linear, meaning that the highest power of the variables is the first power. Although the equation 2x 3 7 is a linear equation, the equations that are of most interest in linear algebra involve several variables. The topic of matrices is developed to solve these equations. Matrices become an important tool to store data in statistics and other disciplines. Linear algebra also directly pertains to the area of regression in statistics.Probability:  Probability is foundational for much of statistics. It gives us a way to quantify chance events. Starting with set theory to define basic probability, the course will move on to more advanced topics in probability such as conditional probability and  Bayes theorem. Examples of other topics may include discrete and continuous random variables, moments, probability distributions, the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem.Real Analysis:  This co urse is a careful study of the real number system. In addition to this, the concepts in calculus such as limit and continuity are developed rigorously. Many times theorems in calculus are stated without proof. In analysis, the goal is to prove these theorems using deductive logic. Learning proof strategies is important to develop clear thinking. Statistics Courses Finally, we arrive at what you want to major in, statistics. Although the study of statistics is heavily dependent upon mathematics, there are some courses that do specifically pertain to statistics. Introduction to Statistics:  The first course in statistics will cover basic descriptive statistics such as average and standard deviation. In addition, some topics of statistical inference such as hypothesis testing will be encountered for the first time. Depending upon the level and aims of the course, there may be a number of other topics. Some courses overlap with probability and will involve a study of different types of probability distributions. Other courses are more data-driven and will focus on how to use computational software to analyze the statistics of these data sets.Mathematical Statistics:  Here the topics of the introduction to statistics course are dealt with in a mathematically rigorous fashion. There may be few if any data involved in this course. Rather the ideas from most if not all of the mathematics courses are used to deal with statistical ideas in a theoretical way.Specialized Courses:  There are a variety of other courses that you could then take to earn a degree in statistics. Many colleges and universities have entire courses built around regression, time series, actuarial studies and biostatistics. Most statistics programs require that you complete several of these courses in specialized topics.

The Philosophical Branch Of Personal Identity - 1884 Words

In the philosophical branch of personal identity there exist several approaches to the question what is it for the same person to exist over time. It is important to stress that we are referring to numerical identity here, i.e. the identity of a person over a period of time. What is it on the basis of which we say that a person on time point 1 is same as that on time point 2? In general, there exist three approaches to this question: the physical theories (the brain view and the body view), the brain and the bodily identity as the possible criterion of Personal Identity as well as the mental theory such as the psychological continuity view. The latter one determines that a person at an earlier and at a later time are the same person if and only if there is a continuous chain of overlapping direct psychological connections. In his paper â€Å"The Self and the Future†, Williams presents two thought experiments. The first one is a variation of John Locke’s â€Å"body swapping† thought experiment, the second one has the original characteristics of the first experiment but but results in the contrary conclusion to the one of the first experiment. In the first thought experience, person A and B exchange bodies which means that they have the sum of their memories and psychological characteristics transferred into one another’s bodies. By examining various scenarios where in each of them both persons are first asked whether A-body-person or B-body-person should receive a punishment or aShow MoreRelatedPhysics Of Quantum Mechanical Experiments1337 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication. Particles seem not to take one path, not the other, not both, and not neither, and even act as if they â€Å"know† when we’re observing them.) In this final installment of a three-article series, we’ll look in very broad strokes at some of the philosophical implications of these views of quantum mechanics. I. Logic Standard logic is two-valued. That just means that each sentence in the logic is true or false, not both, and not neither. ‘My cat’s breath smells like cat food’ is either true or false;Read MoreWhy Should Anyone Study Philosophy?1126 Words   |  5 Pages Tameka Jonas Thompson Survey of Philosophical Thoughts Professor James Moore June 5, 2015 Why should anyone study philosophy? What is philosophy in the article by Alistair Sinclair philosophical is the study about knowledge, truth, nature and the meaning of life. People try to know themselves, the world, and relationships with the world and others. The word philosophy comes from the Greek Philos (loving) and Sophos (wise) meaning literally love of wisdom; a person that loves philosophyRead MoreMy Own Beliefs About Teaching And Learning Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesto continuum chart in Part B). The branches of philosophy; which are metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology, are all related to how the world views various philosophies, including those of education, and learning theories. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that addresses questions of reality. An example of a question would be, â€Å"What is reality?†. In classrooms, teachers invoke metaphysical issues regularly when they make decisions about what and how they should teach and organize theirRead MoreImportance And Importance Of Philosophy1179 Words   |  5 Pagesbreak into branches or subcategories of philosophy and study belief systems more intricately. It is important to study philosophy because philosophy can significantly further critical thinking skills by improving one’s logic and ethics. The first branch of philosophy to note is social and political philosophy. Social and political philosophy together show the relationship between civilization and the betterment of human beings. The main task that social and political philosophy conquer is answeringRead MoreThe Relativism of Ethics2162 Words   |  9 Pagesnot be considered moral or ethical in another social setting. A.J. Ayer argues that philosophical argument is unimportant because there is no such thing as universal ethics (Beckwith 67). The debate about ethics and morality has its basis in social construction. What is considered right or wrong is understood by the culture because of the rules of that culture. Normative ethics is the branch of philosophical thought which suggests that what is considered to be ethical is in fact nothing neitherRead MorePropelling Rational Thought Over Compelling Empiricism1459 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamental empiricism of John Locke’s philosophical arguments, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, his identity and attempt to explain distinctions between the two. As I lay the framework of my argument it is important to understand the precepts that serve as the underpinning for the views considered by Descartes and Locke respectively. Rationalism and empiricism are two modes of thought that have been adopted within epistemology, the b ranch of philosophy devoted to studying theRead MoreExistentialism And How This Philosophical Theory Has Developed Over The Years1443 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: In this paper we hope to discuss existentialism and how this philosophical theory has developed over the years. After World War 2, this theory became increasingly popular and some of the great philosophers such as Freidrich Nietzsche, Soren Kierkegaard can be said to be the founders of this theory although they, in their lifetime, never accepted this. Therefore they are sometimes called precursors of this movement. Other major philosophers like Albert Camus, Jean-Paul Sartre and MartinRead MoreThe Theory Of Consciousness And The Body1847 Words   |  8 Pagesthat individual, which would cause the apple to change from being an object to a subject. A girl enters a garden and a bird lands on a branch next to her. At that moment, she becomes consciousness of the fact that there is a bird across from her; she is now aware of the bird’s existence. The movements and sounds that the bird makes by going from branch to branch are events that grasp the girl’s attention of that moment and nothing else. But the process of her becoming aware of the bird is her perceptionRead MoreThe Most Powerful Learning Experiences For Me1624 Words   |  7 Pages174), as well as welcome opinions which are contradictory or different from the majority. However, I have to admit that eliminating the influence of personal biases and values in working with diverse in-class groups turned out to be one of the most challenging aspects of my learning experience. I learned and understood how â€Å"cultural identities powerfully influence how we view ourselves and how others view us† (Miley, O‘Melia, Dubois, 2013, p. 33). As stated in Miley, O‘Melia, and Dubois (2013)Read More Personal Identity and Psychological Reductionism Essay1943 Words   |  8 PagesPersonal Identity and Psychological Reductionism When we tackle the question of What makes us the individual persons that we are?, one approach that we can take is to seek an answer to the question of what it is that is required for a person to continue to exist over time. If we could agree on what is required for it to be true that you continued to exist, then we would have good grounds to believe that we had discovered what makes someone the particular person they are, and by extension

My Self As A Learner Essay - 1403 Words

MY SELF AS A LEARNER Kyle R. Pace Bellevue University Abstract The importance of knowing yourself as a learner is to know your strengths and areas you can improve. After taking the MBTI assessment, I found out that I am an ISFJ personality. ISFJ personality stands for Introverted, Sensing, Feeling, and Judging. I always thought I was a tactile learner, however after taking the (What s Your Learning Style? 20 Questions) assessment, I found out that I am a visual learner. It’s also good to know the location in which you focus the best, to retain all the information you learn to the best of your capability. . Upon completing the Study Environment Analysis, I found that the perfect study environment for me is in my kitchen at the table, because this area is neat, clean and has the least distractions. All of these assessments have been very informational for me in both my personal and professional life. This is going to better me as a student by providing me the best learning experience possible for my degree and for any courses that I take f or my career. I can incorporate these skills in my professional life and this will be able to provide more for my employees than I have been able to do before. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, I am an ISFJ which stands for Introverted, Sensing, Feeling, and Judging. I am the type of person that likes to ensure that every aspect of my life is planned accordingly, to eliminate anyShow MoreRelatedMethods in Performing Assessment962 Words   |  4 Pagesassessments. B) Peer and self assessment. C) Feedback and questioning. D) Types of assessment records. Principles of assessments VALIDITY A valid form of assessment measures what it supposes to be measured. â€Å"A valid assessment must also assess a sample of the abilities that are required in the curriculum† (Ian Reece, 2007, teaching, training and learning) Fairness: Fairness censures that everyone has an equal chance of getting a good assessment. â€Å"All learners are entitled to a fair assessmentRead MoreI Am Learning Interview Techniques From Wicklander Zulawski Associates, Inc.965 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Regulated Learning Describe one topic that you are currently attempting to learn. Explain your motivation for learning about this topic. Currently I am learning interview techniques from Wicklander-Zulawski Associates, Inc. This course teaches me how to conduct interviews and interrogations leading to admissions from the guilty while eliminating the innocent from suspicion. I will learn to identify truthful and untruthful behavior along with powerful new ideas to obtain confessions fromRead MoreThe Successful Self Directed Learner927 Words   |  4 Pagesessential aspects of a self-directed, intrinsically motivated, active learner include the following. a. That learner is a person who takes the initiative for her learning. That means that the self-directed learner does not wait for the teacher to tell her to complete the assignment but does it before the assignment is due. And if there are missed assignments, the self-directed leaner accepts responsibility and does not lame others or situations. b. The successful self-directed learner sets a personalRead MoreDevelopment Plan For The Professional And The Academic Field1521 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Why a development planning is important to a learner who wants to succeed in the professional and the academic field? A development plan is defined as a structured and supported process commenced by learners to consider their own learning, performance and achievement and to plan for their personal, educational and career development. In another words, a development plan is an inclusive process, which is opened to all learners, in all higher education provision settings, and at all levelsRead MoreExploring the Black Box: Assessment for Learning the Development of Autonomy in Key Stage 21678 Words   |  7 Pageslack of reflective thinking. In this section, I outline how this original concern developed by increasingly more formalized curiosity into research about assessment for learning and pupil autonomy. The aim is to explain the purpose and rationale behind my research so far and where I take this journey next. 1.1 Do I have to colour the picture, Miss? As a teacher of Year 3 and Year 4, I was often asked questions by the pupils about whether their work was good enough, if their work was correct, if theyRead MoreMy Personal Theory As A Self Based Learning1622 Words   |  7 Pageseducation. I would introduce my personal theory as a Self-Based-Learning (SBL), which is a pedagogical learning theory that occurs personally by someone who is able to synthesize a group of actions that can help him/her to learn naturally. Learning on your own can happen by focusing on three approaches of theories that are problem-based learning, constructivism theory, and self-directed learning. The SBL theory can influence society, human performance, and education. The learner will be the center of knowledgeRead MoreThe Theories Of Learning And Communication1712 Words   |  7 Pagesessay I will discuss the theories of learning and communication and their application in my own practice. Behaviourism is usually linked to Pavlov (classical conditioning) and to Thorndike, Watson and Skinner (operant conditioning). Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment was to train a dog to respond to a bell; initially with food, then both food and a bell and finally just the bell. It suggests the learner is passive and responds to stimuli, it showed that behaviour was learnt by negative andRead MoreDescribe The Essential Aspects Of A Self Directed, Intrinsically Motivated, Active Learner?888 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment Unit 4 1. Describe the essential aspects of a self-directed, intrinsically motivated, active learner? To be a successful life-long learner, a student should be self-directed, intrinsically motivated and be an active learner. The essential aspects of such a student are: †¢ The student takes initiative. He/she is self-directed and does not wait for someone to start his/her studies. †¢ Is independent. The student does not rely on others and is self-reliant. †¢ Is persistent. The student believes inRead MoreEvaluation Of The Benefits Of Self Managed Learning1415 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches to self-managed learning and explanation of which approach suits best for me. Also, it includes ways in which lifelong learning in personal and professional contexts could be engaged and how it could be maintained in personal and professional life. Finally, this essay contains the evaluation of the benefits of self-managed learning to the individuals and organisations and further to that explanation of the benefits experienced in personal and educational life through self-managed learningRead MoreDefinition Of Self Directed Learning1166 Words   |  5 Pages1a. Self-Directed Learning: This requires in-depth learning in topics or course of study without being directed by a lecturer or teacher. The self-directed learner must have integrity, self-esteem, and self-confidence in order to achieve a balance in learning and understanding what is le arned with a view to putting down words in writing or in research to the understanding of the targeted audience to which the paper was written. It involves taking initiative, independence mindset, and persistence

Unmanned Aircraft Systems ( Uas ) - 1216 Words

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have become a quickly growing part of the aviation community over the last five to ten years. More and more of these aircraft are flying in the National Airspace System (NAS) with each passing year, without any set rules governing their operation. With the growing population of UAS in the NAS, for military, civil, and commercial use, the need for regulation is becoming increasingly obvious. How to regulate this type of aircraft is no simple task. Taking into consideration the many factors of these aircraft such as size, purpose, who is using them, and location of use, it is difficult to determine what regulation is required. That is the task that has been set before the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). To determine what type of regulation is needed to integrate and ensure the safe operation of UAS in the NAS since the skies that they share are shared with manned aircraft. Integration of UAS into the NAS Since the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright’s aircraft at Kitty Hawk, the development of new aircraft types and technology in these and existing aircraft has moved along at a quick and steady pace. Moreover, since 1903, aircraft limits continually have been pushed and surpassed. Aircraft now fly higher, faster, farther and carry more cargo or passengers than ever before. Nevertheless, it would only seem logical the next step in aviation evolution is removal of the human factor in flight. Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) haveShow MoreRelatedAn Unmanned Aircraft System ( Uas )1691 Words   |  7 Pagesthe public safe. With so many people in such a large area, it can become difficult to for officers monitor everything. One possible answer to the human problem of not being able to be everywhere at once includes an inhuman object. An unmanned aircraft system (UAS) or a â€Å"drone† equipped with a surveillance camera can provide an aerial view of the crowd without disrupting the normal activities of the event. According to Koerner (2015), a drone can potentially provide an inexpensive alternative toRead MoreUnmanned Aircraft System Essay720 Words   |  3 PagesUnmanned Aircraft Systems are constantly evolving. The latest developments in UAS include features that can be abused by operators, such as anti-drone technologies, or that can increase the risk of accidents and unsafe incidents. This area of UAS use is expected to evolve for the foreseeable future. Local Economy Wolfton’s economy is largely based on the technology sector. The use of drones for hobby and recreational purposes allows individuals to familiarize themselves with this exciting new technologyRead MoreEssay about Laws Governing Unmanned Aircraft: A Literature Review1245 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) popularly known as â€Å"drones† have a long history dating back to World War I as remote-controlled aerial targets according to Howeth (1963). However, their current role in surveillance is much shorter. Unmanned aircraft are predominantly used by military in the roles of surveillance and precision strikes. Advancements within the military UAS programs and the signing of FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, has facilitated the necessity to formulate aRead MoreVisual Line Of Sight Operations1476 Words   |  6 Pagesoperations (BVLOS) to unmanned aerospace systems. The added applications of beyond the visual line of sight operations are search and rescue operations, package deliveries, border patrol inspections, and environmental research (Karpowicz, 2016). The creators of Skylight believe the new UTM system will revolutionize UAS operations and drastically increase UAS applications (Karpowicz, 2016). Figure 5. â€Å"NASA’s concept for a possible UTM system would safely manage diverse UAS operations in the airspaceRead MoreCase Analysis : Training Requirements For United States Navy1280 Words   |  6 PagesStates Navy (USN) MQ-4C Triton Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Operators Summary The MQ-4C Triton Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), previously known as the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS), is a major defense acquisition program (MDAP) based on the United States Air Force (USAF) high-altitude, long-endurance (HALE) RQ-4B Global Hawk (Cohn Harrison, 2014; Department of Defense [DoD], 2013; Naval Air Systems Command [NAVAIR], 2014). The program â€Å"†¦entered System Development and DemonstrationRead MoreVtol UA Case Study998 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept of unmanned VTOL use is still in its infancy. Several studies and proof of concept papers have been published to support VTOL UAS operation in both military and civilian applications. Manufactures are starting to take notice of this research and are beginning to design, engineer, and build traditional and similar hybrid configurations; however, quadcopter and fixed-wing sUAS continue to dominate the market. In 2017 the U.S. Navy Program Executive Office for strike weapons and unmanned aviationRead MoreCollisions on the ground are of grave importance as well. A MQ-1C UAV pilot undergoing training1200 Words   |  5 Pagesits vehicle and ground control packages (Brodeur, 2012). An increased traffic flow of both manned and unmanned aircraft will most definitely increase the probability of collision in the air as well as on the ground. This can lead to human casualties and injuries. In order to fortify safety of use new technologies must be designed, tested, and integrated into the current and future UAV systems. The realization is UAVs will encounter on average at least one hundred thousand aviation flights on aRead MoreThe Northrop Grumman Mq 4c Triton Unmanned Aircraft System1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton unmanned aircraft system (UAS) is a maritime variant of the Air Force’s high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) RQ-4B Global Hawk (Government Accountability Office [GAO], 2015). The Triton, previously known as the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS) UAS, is a component of the Maritime Patrol Reconnaissance Force (MPRF) family of systems (Naval Air Systems Command [NAVAIR], 2014). It â€Å"†¦is intended to pr ovide persistent maritime intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissanceRead MoreA Report On Flight Training1026 Words   |  5 Pagesmilitary aviator training and is an important training tool for safely teaching flying skills in a controlled environment that is normally too dangerous, or costly to acquire through the use of an actual aircraft. The U.S. Air Force and Army typically use simulators to safely train new Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operators on critical tasks performed for proficiency and certification without the use of costly flyable aviation resources. Research has discovered there is a lack of conventional standardizedRead MoreAira Case Study784 Words   |  4 Pagesof a classification system for persons issued sUAS air carrier certificates. †¢ Spectrum Usage – Allows drones to use spectrum for wireless control purposes if permitted by the FCC and FAA. With respect to licensed frequencies, they also must have the consent of spectrum licensees †¢ Collegiate Training Initiative program for UAS – The FAA must create a Collegiate Training Initiative program to help prepare college students for careers involved UAS. †¢ University use of UAS – Streamlines the approval

Yeats Poetry Essay Example For Students

Yeats Poetry Essay Essay imitates sees the poem as a complex relationship of Images, rhythms and sounds which, In conjunction, becomes a symbol for emotional experiences otherwise inexpressible In words The poetry of W. B Yeats Is highly valued today as It explores many Issues that are Important to his audience and their perception of both themselves and the history of their world. Yeats reflects upon many Issues of his life and his world that the audience can empathic with and appreciate. Such ideas include that of change and transformation and life and death, ideas that are reflected in both Easter 191 6 and The wild swans at Cooler. Because the audience experiences these issues throughout life as a part of the human condition, Yeats poetry is valued as it artistically and skillfully describes and reflects upon it. The wild swans at Cooler has been highly valued as it transcends the subject matter of the poem and explores the human condition, specifically the ideas of change, transformation and loneliness. The words: Alls changed summarizes how Yeats felt at the time of this poems creation. This alludes to the Easter 191 6 rebellion and how Yeats may have still felt the overwhelming emotional effects of this event and the loss of his friends. At the time Yeats did not quite know how to react to this almost unbelievable, tragic event and the sorrowful realization of the deaths of his friends may have played a great part in his feelings of loneliness, despair and melancholy in this poem, for not only has he realized his loneliness, but also the frailty of life. The audience is provided with an opportunity for empathy throughout the poem because Yeats conveys such issues that transcend the fact that this poem was about his personal experiences, and the audience can apply the themes of this poem to their lives, which heightens the level of value for this text. The Wild Swans at Cooler reflects on both Yeats fear of aging and death and also the fear of losing his creativity as a poet. This fearful, worrying man was transformed from a youth who trod with a lighter tread and did not have these present worries. Nineteen years ago Yeats may have looked upon the swans with awe and appreciation, but now this has morphed Into envy and despair as he Is forced to look on at the unchanging, seemingly immortal beings which are free to wander the earth, skies or lakes in eternal companionship, while Yeats is left to age and die on the temporal earth, like the rest f humanity. It is a part of the human condition to long for freedom and passion and so the audience connects with this poem as they are provoked into reminiscing about their own youth and their various transformations throughout life. The themes conveyed in Easter 1916 transcend the events of that day described in the poem and engages in an ongoing search for truth. Yeats was left overwhelmed and emotionally confused by this event and through this poem he tries to express his uncertainty and perhaps come to a realization as a result of giving his emotions a physical form. This tone Is conveyed through rhetorical questions frequently placed throughout the poem, for example what If excess of love bewildered them till they died? , and was It needless death after all? These questions stem from Yeats sudden change of perception of his companions, as they are all transformed utterly change because the Easter rebellion was a catalyst for transformation, and the theme of general conflict transcends this specific event and can be applied to the lives of the audience, who may have changed themselves through some form of conflict.

Bhp Billiton Ltd Petroleum Company

Question: Discuss about theBhp Billiton Ltdfor Petroleum Company. Answer: BHP Billiton, an Anglo Australian multinational mining, metals and Petroleum Company with its head office in Melbourne, Australia. As per the market value of 2015, BHP is considered to be the largest mining company globally and in terms of revenue the fourth largest company in Australia. Formed in the year 2001, the Company was born out of a merger between BHP, an Australian company and an Anglo Dutch company named Billiton Plc. The company is listed in two stock exchanges i.e in the Australian stock exchange and in the London Stock Exchange as well. The companys global headquarters as well as Australian registered corporate office both are situated in Melbourne. However the said headquarter is in relation to the entire group and the company registered in Australia. However it has another office located in London of BHP Billiton Plc. The company basically is a part of the mining industry and also operates into oil and gas production as well. BHP has basically four main divisions of its operations which are Iron Ore, Coal, Petroleum and Potash and Copper. It provides employment to 26827 people in Australia which comprises of employees from its various subsidiaries as well and employs 41000 people across the 25 countries in which it operates (Statista.com., 2016). The regulatory framework with regards tax is not very convincing for the corporations. Since BHP Billiton is a resident company of Australia, he is forced to pay tax on the entire income that it earns worldwide and capital gains as well after taking into consideration the various exemptions. The biggest problem from the present tax regime in Australia is that the greater the value the company creates in the global market, the higher amount of taxes and royalties it has to pay in Australia where it is operating mainly. Unfortunately, BHP is paying a tax of about 58 percent of the total profit it had earned by marketing in Singapore which were related to Australian commodities. Therefore in the past decade the company ended up paying for A$1 billion which was very disheartening for the company (IBISworld., 2016). Thus the tax system in Australia is very complicated wherein BHP Billiton- a multinational company operating and incorporated in Australia is bound to pay a tax of 30 percent. The country has a very broad based company tax regime which rules to tax the assessable income basis the territory where the income is being earned. Thus if the assessable income is earned within Australia then the profit is subject to taxes as per the Australian company tax rule and where the income is earned outside Australia, then the same is generally exempt from being taxed only if the profits were actively earned. But unfortunately in some circumstances the companies are required to pay top-up taxes to the government of Australia on send back earnings as per the ruling laid down by Controlled Foreign Company rules due to which BHP had to pay such top-up tax on the incomes it repatriated from the Singaporean marketing hub (Bhpbilliton.com., 2016). Thus the Australian tax rules and regulations has impacted BHP in a major way wherein it has ended up paying much more than just 30 percent of the total earnings as tax (Lawandtax-news.com., 2017). A major assessment of the same is undertaken by BHP Billiton Iron Ore so as to understand the implications on Matters of National Environmental Significance since it is mainly into performing operations into the iron ore and oil and gas segments which pose major threats to the safety of the environment. They are reviewing the said arrangements which are connected with the expansion of the new iron ore mines, the road and rail network attached to such a development, the expansion of the mines which are already running and activities in relation to closing down of the existing operative mines. Therefore in the year 2012, BHP Billiton Iron Ore Pty Ltd. signed an conformity with the Australian Government to ensure undertaking of a strategic evaluation of the implication of the development of iron ore mines in future and the various infrastructure attached to it in the Pilbara region of Western Australia with regards the National Environmental Significance. The said agreement was formulat ed in accordance with Section 146(1) of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity conservation Act 1999 which help to evaluate the implications of executing the actions as per the policy. BHP Billiton Iron Ore continues to develop more iron ore mines and the attached infrastructure to these mines and also to uphold the present Pilbara business in upcoming time period as well. The impact of the said agreement is that it would give capacity to take into account the total implications in the Pilbara region and thus help gain the landscape scale environmental outcomes which would comprise of the submission of an efficient approach to manage the surrounding and important offsets as well. Therefore the said agreement signed by BHP will have an implication on the company to the extent that it will have to ensure that all its activities are undertaken after due consideration of the agreement and the fact that no provisions are ignored or not adhered to (Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, 2012). Thus, BHP Billiton, one of the largest mining company of Australia is a multinational corporation operating in various countries smoothly. However the Australian regulatory framework with regards the taxation issues are so complicated that the company is often seen giving tax much more than the prescribed percentage and in some cases is even taxed twice. Lastly, in order to safeguard itself from the potential environmental hazards, the company is entering into various agreements and arrangements so as to be able to comply with them along with continuing its expansion policies with ease. The segment in which BHP operates is very sensitive towards the environment in which it dwells as mining causes a lot of environmental hazards which needs to be taken care of in a strategic manner. References: Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, (2012), Strategic Assessment of BHP Billiton iron ore expansion for the Pilbara, Available at https://www.environment.gov.au/protection/assessments/strategic/wa-pilbara-bhp (Accessed 26th April 2017) Bhpbilliton.com., (2016), Taxation in Australia, Available at https://www.bhpbilliton.com/-/media/bhp/documents/society/operating-with-integrity/fact-sheet--taxation-in-australia.pdf?la=en (Accessed 26th April 2017) IBISworld., (2016), BHP Billiton Limited- Premium Company Report Australia, Available at https://www.ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/mining/bhp-billiton-limited-company.html (Accessed 26th April 2017)` Lawandtax-news.com., (2017), Corporate Multinational Taxation, Available at https://www.lawandtax-news.com/html/australia/jozlatcorp.html (Accessed 26th April 2017) Statista.com., (2016), Number of Employees at BHP Billiton from 2012 to 2016 by region, Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/274234/number-of-employees-at-bhp-billiton-by-region/ (Accessed 26th April 2017)